these are some of the different varieties of sci-fi that exist.
Space opera/space western – Melodramatic adventures, often involving space battles
Utopia – Description of a perfect society, at least in the author’s mind
Dystopia – Description of a society gone wrong
Hard SF – Scientific rigor marks the story’s focus
Soft SF – Characterization and ideas about society mark the story’s focus
Feminist SF – Deals with women’s role in society
Cyberpunk – High tech in a society that has broken down
Alternate histories – History has diverged from the one we know
Alternate futures - A possible future never comes to pass, often because a character travels back in time and alters the past
Slipstream - Fantastic or non-realistic fiction that crosses conventional genre boundaries between science fiction and contemporary literature
Science fantasy – Elements of fantasy and of science fiction are melded
Dark SF – Elements of horror and science fiction are mixed
Erotic SF – Sex and sexuality are explored in a science fiction setting
New wave – A movement of 1960s, it boasted a high degree of experimentation, both in form and in content)
New space opera – A movement of 1990s, the stories tend to be more military-themed and literary than original space opera/space western
New Weird – A movement of the early 21st century, surrealism or transgressive horror is used in a science fiction or a fantasy setting
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